JD.com's self-operated stores are JD.com's B2C online sales models, which refer to domestic goods, that is, business to consumer, where merchants directly reach buyers. JD.com purchases goods and is responsible for distribution. JD.com's self-operated stores target domestic goods and are a general import trade business model. Goods are produced domestically, purchased by JD.com, shipped and distributed from domestic warehouses, and after-sales service is provided, and invoices are issued.