The differences between JD.com and Tmall's operating models are as follows:

1. JD.com's operating model

1. Profits are obtained by obtaining large-scale sales at low prices or even sacrificing gross profit margins;

2. Virtual store rental fees: store rent, product landing fees, transaction fees;

3. Advertising fees;

4. Profits are made through manufacturer rebates and other subsidies.

2. Tmall's operating model

1. Annual technical service fee and real-time deduction of technical service fees;

2. Advertising revenue and keyword bidding charges;

3. Software and service charges;

4. Tmall itself does not participate in the sale and service of goods. The sale, distribution and after-sales service of goods are the responsibility of the sellers themselves, which greatly reduces the distribution and after-sales service costs of Taobao Mall.