There are many kinds of plants in tropical rainforests, among which trees have a multi-layer structure; the upper trees are over 30 meters high, mostly typical tropical evergreen trees and deciduous broad-leaved trees, with light-colored, thin and smooth bark, often with plank-like roots at the base, and flower branches growing on old trunks.

Large woody vines and epiphytes are particularly developed, with some mosses and lichens attached to the leaves, and woody ferns and large-leaved herbs under the forest.

The trees in the rainforest are mostly dicotyledons, with thick leathery leaves and shallow roots. The roots used for nutrition are usually only a few centimeters deep. A lot of rainwater in the rainforest is lost due to evaporation from the leaves.

The weathering of soil and rocks in tropical rainforests is strong, and its weathering crust can reach 100 meters.

Although this type of soil is rich in aluminum, iron oxides, hydroxides and kaolinite, some other minerals are lost due to leaching and erosion.

In addition, under high temperature and high humidity conditions, organic matter decomposes quickly and can be quickly absorbed by hungry tree roots and fungi. Therefore, the soil here is not actually fertile.

The sub-canopy plants in the rainforest are composed of small trees, lianas and epiphytes such as orchids, bromeliads and ferns. Some plants are parasitic and entwine around the trunks of the parasites, while other plants only use trees as supports.

The surface of the rainforest is covered with branches and fallen leaves.

The ground in the rainforest is not as impassable as the legend says. Most of the ground is bare except for a thin layer of humus and fallen leaves.

Among the same type of regions in the world, the tropical evergreen rainforest in the Amazon Plain is not only the largest in area, but also the most fully and typically developed. This is due to the geographical location and topographic structure of the Amazon Plain, which gives it modern climatic conditions that are particularly conducive to the development of this type. On the other hand, it is also related to its long history of development and relatively stable natural geographical conditions during its formation.

The tropical evergreen rain forest in South America is also generally called the Hillea community. Its plant species are extremely rich and interbred with each other. It rarely forms a pure forest. One-third of them are endemic to South America.

They grow continuously and the plants are lush and green all year round.

Trees, shrubs, herbs, vines, and epiphytes form a multi-layered closed forest. There are generally 4 to 5 layers, and as many as 11 to 12 layers. The tree canopy is jagged and uneven.

Many trees try to grow upwards to gain sunlight. The trunks rarely have branches, and some can be as high as 80 to 100 meters. The typical soils developed under tropical evergreen rain forests are brick red soil and red soil with graying phenomenon. The former is distributed in areas with higher terrain, good drainage, and relatively less rainy seasons, while the latter is mainly distributed in areas with abundant precipitation in each season, dense forests, and lack of herbaceous vegetation.

In addition to tropical rainforests, there are also subtropical rainforests, which are distributed on the windward coast between 10 degrees north and south latitude.

There are rainy seasons and dry seasons, and there are seasonal changes in temperature and sunshine.

The tree density and tree species in subtropical rainforests are slightly less than those in tropical rainforests.

Other rainforest types include: monsoon rainforests, mangrove rainforests, temperate rainforests, etc. In the rainforest, woody vines can be seen everywhere, some of which are 20 to 30 cm thick and up to 300 meters long. They climb from one tree to another along the trunks and branches, from the bottom of the tree to the top of the tree, and then hang upside down from the top of the tree, intertwining and entwining like dense nets.

Epiphytes such as algae, mosses, lichens, ferns and orchids attach to the trunks and branches of trees, shrubs or vines, just like wearing a thick green coat. Some of them have a variety of gorgeous flowers, and some even grow on leaves, forming a wonderful scene of "trees growing on trees" and "grass growing on leaves".

Some species often grow various plate-like roots at the base of the trunk, extending 2 to 3 meters from the base of the trunk and extending radially downward.

Some grow many developed aerial roots, which hang down from the trunk and continue to thicken after being rooted in the soil, forming many "trunks", which are very spectacular, with the momentum of a single tree forming a forest.

Some species of trees, such as jackfruit and cocoa, can also bloom and bear fruit on the trunks or root necks of old trees, which is a unique phenomenon of old stems blooming in tropical rainforests. Edited on 2020-09-13