The Amazon rainforest is known as the lungs of the earth. The Amazon River and its tributaries are the lung tubes. The tropical rainforest ecosystem is distributed within the tropical boundary between the north and south of the equator. It is the largest forest ecosystem on the earth and has the greatest impact on the human living environment. It is often divided into three regions: the Amazon Plain in South America; the tropical rainforest area in Africa and the Indian-Malay tropical rainforest area. The main characteristics of the climate of the tropical rainforest ecosystem are high temperature and small temperature difference throughout the year, and abundant and uniform rainfall. The average annual temperature is 20-28℃, and the average temperature changes in different places are very small. Near the equator, the average temperature difference between the hottest and coldest months is less than 5℃; the farther away from the equator, the greater the temperature difference, and the maximum does not exceed 13℃. The annual precipitation in various places is at least 2,000 mm, and as much as 10,000 mm. The relative humidity is very high, and some can reach more than 90%. The species composition of the tropical rainforest ecosystem is extremely rich, most of which are woody plants, and there are 45 higher plants. There are more than 000 species. The layers are complex and usually simplified into three layers: trees, shrubs and herbs; they can also be divided into three sub-layers, so they can generally be divided into 5 to 8 layers. There are also a large number of vines and epiphytes in this ecosystem. The rates of ecological processes such as energy flow and material circulation in tropical rainforest ecosystems are very high, and the productivity is also particularly high. The accompanying respiratory consumption is also very large, and the accumulation of elements in the soil is relatively small. In the material circulation process of tropical rainforest ecosystems, fungi that coexist with plant roots play an active role.