The Amazon River is the largest river in South America and is of great significance to local residents and the global environment. In development, the water resources of the Amazon River are mainly used for agricultural irrigation, power generation and water supply, and are also used as shipping and fishery resources. However, the Amazon River basin is also one of the most important ecosystems in the world, with rich biodiversity and a significant impact on global climate and ecological balance. Therefore, in the process of developing and utilizing the Amazon River, it is necessary to fully consider the principles of environmental protection and sustainable use to ensure that the ecosystem of the Amazon River basin can be protected while meeting human needs.