In 1983, Sun Microsystems proposed "The Network is the Computer". In March 2006, Amazon launched the Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) service. On August 9, 2006, Google CEO Eric Schmidt first proposed the concept of "Cloud Computing" at the Search Engine Conference (SES San Jose 2006). Google's "Cloud Computing" originated from the "Google 101" project done by Google engineer Christopher Bisciglia. In October 2007, Google and IBM began to promote cloud computing on American university campuses, including Carnegie Mellon University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, University of California, Berkeley and University of Maryland. This plan hopes to reduce the cost of distributed computing technology in academic research and provide these universities with relevant hardware and software equipment and technical support (including hundreds of personal computers and BladeCenter and System x servers. These computing platforms will provide 1,600 processors and support open source platforms including Linux, Xen, Hadoop, etc.). Students can develop various research plans based on large-scale computing through the Internet. On January 30, 2008, Google announced the launch of the "Cloud Computing Academic Program" in Taiwan, and will cooperate with Taiwan University, National Chiao Tung University and other schools to promote this advanced large-scale and rapid cloud computing technology to campuses. On February 1, 2008, IBM (NYSE: IBM) announced that it would establish the world's first cloud computing center (Cloud Computing Center) for Chinese software companies in the Taihu New City Science and Education Industrial Park in Wuxi, China. On July 29, 2008, Yahoo, HP and Intel announced a joint research program covering the United States, Germany and Singapore to launch a cloud computing research test bed to promote cloud computing. The plan is to create six data centers with partners as research test platforms, each equipped with 1,400 to 4,000 processors. These partners include the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore, the Steinbuch Computing Center of the University of Karlsruhe in Germany, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Intel Research, HP Labs and Yahoo. On August 3, 2008, information on the website of the United States Patent and Trademark Office showed that Dell was applying for the trademark "Cloud Computing", a move aimed at strengthening control over this term that may reshape the technology architecture in the future. On March 5, 2010, Novell and the Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) jointly announced a vendor-neutral program called the "Trusted Cloud Initiative". In July 2010, NASA and supporting vendors including Rackspace, AMD, Intel, Dell and others jointly announced the "OpenStack" open source project. In October 2010, Microsoft expressed support for the integration of OpenStack with Windows Server 2008 R2; and Ubuntu has added OpenStack to version 11.04. In February 2011, Cisco Systems officially joined OpenStack, focusing on the development of OpenStack's network services.