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Is there really a country of women in history? Where is it?

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在《西游记》当中,有一个神奇的国度——女儿国,这里令所有的男人们都向往,因为这个国度里没有男性,由清一色的女性组成,她们只能通过喝子母河的水来繁衍后代。那么在历史当中,女儿国到底在哪呢?

女儿国出现在《西游记》的五十四回,叫西梁女国。原著中关于女儿国,有一段精彩的描写:那里的人都是长裙短袄,粉面油头,不分老少,尽是妇女。正在两街上做买做卖,忽见他四众来时,一齐都鼓掌呵呵,整容欢笑道:“人种来了!人种来了!”

而女儿国女王看见面如冠玉的唐僧后,却想要和唐僧成亲,结果唐长老以自己的修为和

的定力抵挡住了美色的诱惑,令女王的一厢情愿腔真情打水漂了。

而《大唐西域记》里也提到了“女儿国”,而且还有两处。

首先来看其第四卷的记载:……即东女国也。世以女为王,因以女称国。夫亦为王,不知政事。丈夫唯征伐、田种而已……东接吐蕃国,北接于阗国……

也就是说在今天西藏地区的吐蕃国以西,今天新疆地区的于阗国以南的地区,在当时存在着一个东女国。

这个世代以女性为主的国度虽然类似《西游记》“女儿国”的原型,但《西游记》里的女儿国是没有一个男子的,而东女国虽然以女性居多,但却还有一少量男性,因此这里显然不是正儿八经的女儿国。

同时,据学者考证,东女国的大致位置可能是位于今天四川省的阿坝州和甘孜州一带,那里在初唐时期确实存在过以女性为主的国度,所以《大唐西域记》的记载显然是有据可依的。

无独有偶,《大唐西域记》第十一卷里,有这样的记载:狼揭罗国……临大海滨,入西女国之路也……拂懔国西南海岛有西女国,皆是女人,略无男子。多诸珍宝货,附拂懔国,故拂懔王岁遣丈夫配焉,其俗产男皆不举也。

这里的狼揭罗国也可称这为“西女国”,是指今天巴基斯坦和伊朗交界的地区,应该是位于印度洋或者地中海里的某个小岛。而这个西女国确实是只有女人,没有男人。其繁衍后代的方式是依附东罗马帝国,用一些珍宝换得东罗马帝国派男子与其结合,但生下的孩子只要是男孩就都不养了。

但是专家分析认为,这个西女国也不是《西游记》里面的“女儿国”原型,原因很简单:唐僧师徒所到达的女儿国是在大陆上,而西女国却是属于一个海岛。同时,从地理位置上而言,唐僧师徒四人从中原到印度所能经过的地区不可能会到印度洋或者地中海上去了。

实际上,女儿国的传说自古就有,在《山海经》就曾经记载:女子国在巫咸北, 两女子居,水周之。

意思就是说:女子国在巫咸(地名)的北面,两个女子住在这里,女子国四周被水环绕。

到了西晋,出现了一位大学者,名字叫郭璞,他给各种古籍做注释,其中就有《山海经》。上面那句话郭璞注释说:有黄池,妇人入浴,出即怀妊矣。若生男子,三岁辄死。

这个注释可以说和西游记所描写的非常类似了,西游记的作者有很大的概率是看过山海经的。但是这个女子国显然和西游记中的女子国不一样。

无独有偶,在中国古代的官修史书《梁书·东夷传·序》里,有下面这段记载:扶桑东千余里有女国,容貌端正,色甚洁白,身体有毛,发长委地。至二、三月,竞入水则任娠,六七月产子……

意思是说,在扶桑国以东大约千余里,有个女儿国。这里的女子肤色洁白,但却毛发旺盛,头发甚至能长到地上。每年2、3月间,她们在水里泡泡就会怀孕生子。而这段描述,和《西游记》里女儿国婆子对“照胎泉”的讲述有“似曾相识”的感觉。

然而,《梁书》里说女国是位于扶桑国以东千余里,遥指日本以东一带。和“西游”的方向完全是相反,因此,这个也排除是真正的女儿国。

那么《西游记》里的女儿国究竟在哪呢?

专家推断小说家显然把“东女国”的人情风貌、“西女国”的社会构成、《山海经》的地理位置及“梁书女国”的繁衍方式有机地结合起来,编撰出了亦真亦幻、令人神往的女儿国。

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In Journey to the West, there is a magical country - the country of women, which makes all men yearn for it, because there are no men in this country, which is composed of women who can only reproduce by drinking the water of the Zimu River. So where is the country of women in history?

The country of women appears in the fifty-fourth chapter of Journey to the West, called the West Liang Women's Country. There is a wonderful description of the country of women in the original book: the people there are all long skirts and short jackets, powdered faces and oily hair, regardless of age, all women. While doing business on the two streets, they suddenly saw the four of them coming, and they all clapped their hands and laughed, "The human race is coming! The human race is coming!"

When the Queen of the Kingdom of Women saw the handsome Tang Monk, she wanted to marry him, but Elder Tang resisted the temptation of beauty with his cultivation and concentration, and the Queen's wishful thinking and true love went down the drain.

The "Kingdom of Women" is also mentioned in "The Great Tang Records on the Western Regions", and there are two of them.

First, let's look at the record in the fourth volume:...It is the Eastern Women's Kingdom. The world regards women as kings, so the country is called women. The husband is also a king, but he doesn't know politics. The husband only conquers and plants...It is connected to the Tubo Kingdom in the east and the Khotan Kingdom in the north...

That is to say, there was an Eastern Women's Kingdom in the area west of the Tubo Kingdom in today's Tibet and south of the Khotan Kingdom in today's Xinjiang.

Although this generation of female-dominated country is similar to the prototype of the "Daughter Country" in "Journey to the West", there is no man in the Daughter Country in "Journey to the West", and although the Eastern Women's Country is mostly women, there are still a small number of men, so this is obviously not a serious daughter country.

At the same time, according to scholars' research, the approximate location of the Eastern Women's Country may be located in the area of ​​Aba Prefecture and Ganzi Prefecture in Sichuan Province today, where there was indeed a female-dominated country in the early Tang Dynasty, so the record of "The Great Tang Records on the Western Regions" is obviously based on evidence.

Coincidentally, in the eleventh volume of "The Great Tang Records on the Western Regions", there is such a record: Langjie Luo Country... is on the coast of the sea, and it is also the way to the Western Women's Country... There is a Western Women's Country on the southwest island of Fuyan Country, all of which are women, and there are almost no men. There are many precious treasures and goods attached to Fuyan Country, so King Fuyan sent men to marry there every year, and their custom is not to raise boys.

The Langjie Luo Kingdom here can also be called the "Western Women's Kingdom", which refers to the area at the junction of Pakistan and Iran today. It should be located on a small island in the Indian Ocean or the Mediterranean Sea. And this Western Women's Kingdom is indeed only women, no men. Its way of reproduction is to rely on the Eastern Roman Empire, and use some treasures to exchange for the Eastern Roman Empire to send men to marry it, but the children born will not be raised as long as they are boys.

However, experts believe that this Western Women's Kingdom is not the prototype of the "Women's Kingdom" in "Journey to the West". The reason is very simple: the Women's Kingdom that Tang Monk and his disciples arrived at is on the mainland, while the Western Women's Kingdom belongs to an island. At the same time, from a geographical point of view, the areas that Tang Monk and his four disciples can pass through from the Central Plains to India cannot reach the Indian Ocean or the Mediterranean.

In fact, the legend of the Women's Kingdom has existed since ancient times. It was once recorded in "Classic of Mountains and Seas": The Women's Kingdom is in the north of Wuxiang, where two women live and are surrounded by water.

It means: the country of women is to the north of Wuxiang (place name), two women live here, and the country of women is surrounded by water.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, there appeared a great scholar named Guo Pu, who annotated various ancient books, including the "Classic of Mountains and Seas". The above sentence Guo Pu annotated: There is a yellow pool, women bathe in it, and when they come out, they are pregnant. If a boy is born, he will die at the age of three.

This annotation can be said to be very similar to the description in Journey to the West. There is a high probability that the author of Journey to the West has read the Classic of Mountains and Seas. But this country of women is obviously different from the country of women in Journey to the West.

Coincidentally, in the official history book "Book of Liang·Dongyi Biography·Preface" in ancient China, there is the following record: There is a country of women more than a thousand miles east of Fusang, with a regular appearance, very white color, hairy body, and long hair on the ground. In February and March, if they compete to enter the water, they will get pregnant, and give birth in June and July...

This means that there is a country of women about a thousand miles east of Fusang. The women here have fair skin, but their hair is luxuriant, and their hair can even grow to the ground. In February and March every year, they will get pregnant and give birth by soaking in the water. This description feels "familiar" with the description of the "Zhaotai Spring" by the women in the country of women in "Journey to the West".

However, "Book of Liang" says that the country of women is located more than a thousand miles east of Fusang, pointing to the area east of Japan. It is completely opposite to the direction of "Journey to the West", so this also excludes this as the real country of women.

So where is the country of women in "Journey to the West"?

Experts infer that the novelist has organically combined the customs and styles of the "Eastern Women's Kingdom", the social structure of the "Western Women's Kingdom", the geographical location of the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" and the reproduction method of the "Liang Shu Women's Kingdom", and compiled a real and illusory, fascinating women's kingdom.

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