1、邮政包裹模式
大体分为中国邮政下产品以及外国邮政产品。中邮产品主要有中邮小包、E邮宝等。外邮产品较多,指的是国内发货贴第三方国家邮政标签,货物发到第三方国家,清关或货转邮等方式入当地邮政网络,再发往目的国或地区。
2、国际快递模式
此种模式主要是FEDEX、UPS、DHL三家国际快递巨头的物流产品。一般都是以商业快件形式出口,以目的国个人物品形式进口。目的国海关可能因为货品的价值不同要求征收相应的关税。
3、国内快递模式
国内四通一达、顺丰等境外自营渠道较少,一般仅限于部分国家。国内快递目前也在采购境外资源的方式努力拓展这方面业务。
4、专线物流模式
跨境专线物流一般是通过空运方式运输到境外,再通过合作公司进行目的国的清关和派送。专线物流的优势在于其能够集中大批量到某一特定国家或地区的货物,通过规模效应降低成本。因此,在价格上,一般比国际快递低。在时效上,稍慢于国际快递,但普遍比邮政包裹快很多。
5、海外仓模式
海外仓服务指为卖家在销售目的地进行货物仓储、分拣、包装、派送及退换货等服务。确切来说,海外仓模式应该包括头程运输(海运、铁路、空运、快递等各种方式均有)、仓储管理和本地配送三个部分。因为是备货模式,头程运输一般时效要求较低,运输成本也会更注重性价比。此方式的突出优势在于,提前备货模式下卖家无需担心货物断货风险,客户下单后无需经过国际段运输,物流轨迹显示为国内运输,时效快且风险低。
6、FBA模式
类似于海外仓模式,即由亚马逊官方提供的仓储、分拣、包装和派送服务。卖家仅需要将商品用亚马逊认可的物流公司或快递公司按照预约时间送进指定仓库。
1. Postal parcel model
It is generally divided into products under China Post and foreign postal products. China Post products mainly include China Post Small Packet, E-Post, etc. There are more foreign postal products, which means that domestic shipments are affixed with third-party country postal labels, and the goods are sent to third-party countries. Customs clearance or cargo transfer enters the local postal network, and then sent to the destination country or region.
2. International express model
This model is mainly the logistics products of the three international express giants FEDEX, UPS, and DHL. Generally, they are exported in the form of commercial express and imported in the form of personal items in the destination country. The customs of the destination country may require corresponding tariffs due to the different values of the goods.
3. Domestic express model
There are few domestic self-operated channels such as STO Express, YTO Express, and SF Express, which are generally limited to some countries. Domestic express delivery is currently also trying to expand this business by purchasing overseas resources.
4. Dedicated Line Logistics Model
Cross-border dedicated line logistics is generally transported abroad by air, and then cleared and delivered in the destination country by a cooperative company. The advantage of dedicated line logistics is that it can concentrate large quantities of goods to a specific country or region, reducing costs through economies of scale. Therefore, in terms of price, it is generally lower than international express delivery. In terms of timeliness, it is slightly slower than international express delivery, but generally much faster than postal parcels.
5. Overseas warehouse model
Overseas warehouse service refers to the storage, sorting, packaging, delivery and return and exchange of goods for sellers at the sales destination. To be precise, the overseas warehouse model should include three parts: first-leg transportation (sea, rail, air, express and other modes), warehousing management and local distribution. Because it is a stocking model, the first-leg transportation generally has lower timeliness requirements, and the transportation cost will also focus more on cost-effectiveness. The outstanding advantage of this method is that in the advance stocking model, sellers do not need to worry about the risk of out-of-stock goods, and customers do not need to go through international transportation after placing an order. The logistics track is displayed as domestic transportation, which is fast and low-risk.
6. FBA model
Similar to the overseas warehouse model, it is the warehousing, sorting, packaging and delivery services officially provided by Amazon. Sellers only need to use the logistics company or courier company approved by Amazon to deliver the goods to the designated warehouse according to the appointment time.
There are three flows in cross-border e-commerce: "information flow", "logistics flow" and "capital flow". Currently, there are four main modes of logistics. 1. Postal parcels
Postal parcels have a high network coverage rate, wide logistics channels and relatively cheap prices, but their disadvantages are slow delivery speed and high loss rate.
2. Commercial express
The four major international express giants UPS, FedEx, DHL and TNT are the first echelon. Their self-built global logistics network has extremely high timeliness, but the price is a bit heartbreaking.
Regional express companies are the second echelon, such as domestic SF Express, EMS and STO Express. These express companies have a late layout of international business and slightly poor network coverage, but the delivery speed is very high and the customs clearance ability is very strong.
3. Dedicated line logistics
It refers to a logistics method that transports by air charter and is delivered to the destination country by a cooperative company. Its advantage is that it can concentrate the transportation of a large number of goods. The scale effect can reduce costs and make the price lower, but the timeliness is slower than commercial express.
4. Overseas warehousing
Sellers establish warehouses at overseas sales destinations and improve cross-border logistics timeliness through processes such as head-leg transportation, warehousing management and local distribution. However, issues such as supply chain management and inventory control can easily increase operating costs.
Before choosing the right cross-border logistics, cross-border e-commerce companies generally choose the right logistics model based on the characteristics of the products sold (size, safety, shelf life, customs clearance convenience, etc.). At the same time, depending on the different sales seasons, they will also weigh the pros and cons of timeliness and cost, flexibly adjust the logistics model, and conduct cross-border logistics between different cross-border logistics companies
What are the main logistics models for cross-border e-commerce in Chengdu now?