亚马孙河流域为世界上最大的热带雨林,地处南美洲。 其终年在赤道低压控制之下,全年高温,盛行上升气流,易成云至雨。 有亚马孙河及其支流汇集,为热带雨林带来了充足的水源。 地形向大西洋敞开,保证了源源不断的水汽供应。因此,亚马孙河流域的城市稀少。
亚马逊河是世界流量最大的河流,不管在流量、流域面积、亦或者是支流数量方面,都可以秒杀世界所有河流,甚至一条支流的流量就能超越长江,碾压尼罗河30多倍。但即使如此强悍,亚马逊河也依然不是世界最长的河流,只能位列世界第二长河。这是为什么呢?
因为美洲大陆不够宽!南美洲从亚马逊河入海口开始算,一直到西边濒临太平洋的的秘鲁首都利马,也只有3300公里,而亚马逊河长度却是6400公里,几乎是两个美洲大陆的宽度了。也正因为这样,亚马逊河才得纵横东西,划分南北,“手撕”美洲大陆。亚马逊河是世界上唯一一个能将整块大陆“流穿”的河流,它的主河道甚至可以将南美洲一分为二,雨季的亚马逊河河道宽度经常能够达数百公里,这难道不是“亚马逊海峡”吗?要知道,著名的英吉利海峡也才30多公里宽,台湾海峡最窄的地方也才130公里。
而亚马逊河距离西边的太平洋有多远呢?不到60公里!只差一点就翻越了科迪勒拉山系,直捣太平洋了。不过,亚马逊河最终还是给这条世界最长山系留了60公里的“面子”,毕竟你翻越了高山之后,水也不能往山顶的高处流啊。
亚马逊河距离太平洋最短的位置究竟在哪里。离太平洋最近的距离在厄瓜多尔的阿苏艾省西部的一个高山地区,苏艾省的首府就坐落在亚马逊河的一个支流上游。
气势汹汹的亚马逊河到了这里也算是尽力了,毕竟这里已经南美分水岭的最西边了,再加上汉贝利海峡的距离,让亚马逊河与太平洋只剩下不到60公里的距离,这对比于南美洲3300公里的宽度来说,可以说是咫尺之遥了。
除了地理上的“手撕”之外,亚马逊河流及其形成的热带雨林,甚至将南美洲的文化、交通,以及人口分布以及密度上都撕出了一个大空档,甚至于说亚马逊河减速了南美洲文明化的进程。
像亚马逊河“手撕”南美洲大陆这种事情,其实只不过是这条河众多强大之处的冰山一角,毕竟亚马逊河的流量能够占到全世界所有河流流量总和的20%,在这种超硬的实力面前,任何奇迹都是有可能出现的。
自古以来,人们都宣称“人可以征服自然”,但殊不知在亚马逊河面前,人类却是那么的渺小,以至于于在亚马逊河长达2000多公里的干流上,没有一座水电站,甚至桥梁。
The Amazon River Basin is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, located in South America. It is under the control of the equatorial low pressure all year round, with high temperatures throughout the year, prevailing updrafts, and easy to form clouds and rain. The Amazon River and its tributaries converge, bringing sufficient water to the tropical rainforest. The terrain is open to the Atlantic Ocean, ensuring a steady supply of water vapor. Therefore, there are few cities in the Amazon River Basin.
The Amazon River is the river with the largest flow in the world. Whether in terms of flow, basin area, or the number of tributaries, it can kill all the rivers in the world in seconds. Even the flow of a tributary can surpass the Yangtze River and crush the Nile River by more than 30 times. But even so powerful, the Amazon River is still not the longest river in the world, and can only be ranked as the second longest river in the world. Why is this?
Because the American continent is not wide enough! South America is only 3,300 kilometers from the mouth of the Amazon River to Lima, the capital of Peru, which borders the Pacific Ocean in the west, while the length of the Amazon River is 6,400 kilometers, which is almost the width of two American continents. It is precisely because of this that the Amazon River can crisscross the east and west, divide the north and the south, and "tear" the American continent. The Amazon River is the only river in the world that can "flow through" the entire continent. Its main river channel can even divide South America into two. The width of the Amazon River in the rainy season can often reach hundreds of kilometers. Isn't this the "Amazon Strait"? You know, the famous English Channel is only more than 30 kilometers wide, and the narrowest part of the Taiwan Strait is only 130 kilometers.
How far is the Amazon River from the Pacific Ocean in the west? Less than 60 kilometers! It was just a little bit away from crossing the Cordillera Mountains and hitting the Pacific Ocean. However, the Amazon River finally left 60 kilometers of "face" for the world's longest mountain system. After all, after you cross the mountains, the water cannot flow to the top of the mountain.
Where is the shortest point between the Amazon River and the Pacific Ocean? The closest distance to the Pacific Ocean is in a high mountain area in the west of Ecuador's Azuay Province. The capital of Azuay Province is located in the upper reaches of a tributary of the Amazon River.
The mighty Amazon River has done its best here. After all, this is the westernmost part of the South American watershed. Coupled with the distance of the Hanberry Strait, the Amazon River and the Pacific Ocean are less than 60 kilometers away, which is very close compared to the width of South America, which is 3,300 kilometers.
In addition to the geographical "hand-tear", the Amazon River and the tropical rainforest it formed have even torn a large gap in South America's culture, transportation, population distribution and density. It can even be said that the Amazon River has slowed down the process of civilization in South America.
Things like the Amazon River "tearing apart" the South American continent are just the tip of the iceberg of the river's many strengths. After all, the flow of the Amazon River accounts for 20% of the total flow of all rivers in the world. In the face of such super strength, any miracle is possible.
Since ancient times, people have claimed that "man can conquer nature", but little do they know that in front of the Amazon River, humans are so insignificant that there is no hydroelectric power station or even a bridge on the more than 2,000-kilometer main stream of the Amazon River.