Amazon is a b2c enterprise, b2c means company to consumer. To put it another way, Amazon is a bookstore, but it sells through e-commerce. Alibaba is a standard B2B website, and a company-to-company or business-to-business transaction portal. At the same time, it is also China's first and currently the largest B2B transaction platform. Taobao is defined as a C2C transaction platform, and individual to individual. Of course, there are a few business-to-individual transactions on Taobao, but after all, they are only a minority. It is currently the largest e-commerce transaction platform in China. Dangdang.com is a large B2C online transaction platform. It defines itself as a comprehensive transaction platform. Advantages: self-control of supply, quality and after-sales are guaranteed. Disadvantages: too much liquidity is suppressed, and the market response speed is slow (this is also the reason why Dangdang only sells books!) The operating model of Amazon and Dangdang is very similar