There are many different e-commerce operation models. According to different industries, products and market demands, the following are some common e-commerce operation models:

1. B2B (Business-to-Business): e-commerce between merchants. For example, Alibaba connects with another merchant through an e-commerce platform.

2. B2C (Business-to-Consumer): e-commerce is classified by transaction objects, and merchants sell goods and services directly to consumers. For example, JD.com, Tmall and other platforms.

3. C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer): e-commerce between consumers, such as Taobao.

4. O2O (Online-to-Offline): e-commerce from online to offline, combining offline business with online platforms, such as Meituan, Dianping, etc.

5. B2B2C (Business-to-Business-to-Consumer): merchants first sell goods to other merchants, and then these merchants sell to consumers. For example, China Huinong Network.

6. Vertical e-commerce: e-commerce that focuses on a specific field or industry, such as Jumei (women's cosmetics), Wangjiu.com (imported wine), etc.

7. Community e-commerce: e-commerce activities are carried out in communities, such as Pinduoduo and JD Community Group Buying.

8. Cross-border e-commerce: e-commerce involving different countries and regions, such as Alibaba International Station and JD Global Shopping.

9. Social e-commerce: sales and promotion of goods with the help of social media platforms, such as WeChat mini-programs and Douyin e-commerce.

10. Live streaming e-commerce: sales of goods through live streaming platforms, such as Taobao Live and Kuaishou e-commerce.

These e-commerce operating models have their own characteristics and are suitable for different scenarios and market demands. When choosing an operating model that suits them, companies need to consider factors such as industry characteristics, product positioning, and target consumer groups.